Roth IRA conversions allow retirees to move pre-tax assets into tax-free accounts by paying taxes now, but timing is critical. The most effective strategies involve spreading conversions over multiple years, managing tax brackets, and coordinating with Social Security and IRMAA thresholds. Poorly timed conversions can increase taxes and Medicare costs. Greenbush Financial Group helps retirees use Roth conversions to reduce lifetime taxes and improve income flexibility.